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American medical drama television series (1994-2009)

Not to be dislocated with E/R.

ER
ERTitleCard.jpg
Genre Medical drama
Created by Michael Crichton
Starring
  • Anthony Edwards
  • George Clooney
  • Sherry Stringfield
  • Noah Wyle
  • Julianna Margulies
  • Eriq La Salle
  • Gloria Reuben
  • Laura Innes
  • Maria Bello
  • Alex Kingston
  • Kellie Martin
  • Paul McCrane
  • Goran Visnjic
  • Michael Michele
  • Erik Palladino
  • Maura Tierney
  • Ming-Na Wen
  • Sharif Atkins
  • Mekhi Phifer
  • Parminder Nagra
  • Linda Cardellini
  • Shane West
  • Scott Grimes
  • John Stamos
  • David Lyons
  • Angela Bassett
Theme music composer
  • James Newton Howard
    (1994–2006, 2009 finale)
  • Martin Davich
    (2006–2009)
Country of origin U.s.a.
Original language English
No. of seasons xv
No. of episodes 331 (list of episodes)
Product
Executive producers
  • Christopher Chulack
  • John Wells
  • Michael Crichton
  • Jack Orman
  • Lydia Woodward
  • Carol Flintstone
  • David Zabel
Camera setup Unmarried
Running time 45 minutes
Production companies
  • Abiding c Productions
  • Amblin Tv set
  • Warner Bros. Idiot box
Distributor Warner Bros. Domestic Tv set Distribution
Release
Original network NBC
Picture format
  • NTSC (seasons 1–half-dozen)
  • HDTV 1080i (seasons 7–xv)
Original release September nineteen, 1994 (1994-09-nineteen) –
April two, 2009 (2009-04-02)
Chronology
Related shows Third Picket
External links
Website

ER is an American medical drama boob tube series created past novelist and physician Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September xix, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning 15 seasons. It was produced by Abiding C Productions and Amblin Tv set, in association with Warner Bros. Television set. ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical problems faced by the room's physicians and staff.

The bear witness is the second longest-running primetime medical drama in American television set history behind Grey's Anatomy, and the sixth longest medical drama across the earth (behind British series Casualty and Holby City, Grey'south Anatomy, Deutschland's In aller Freundschaft, and Poland'southward Na dobre i na złe). It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards, including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Serial honour, and received 124 Emmy nominations. ER won 116 awards in total, including the Peabody Award, while the bandage earned four Screen Actors Lodge Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series.[1] As of 2014, ER has grossed over $3 billion in television revenue.[2]

Production [edit]

Development [edit]

Michael Crichton wearing a suit.

In 1974, writer Michael Crichton wrote a screenplay based on his own experiences as a medical student in a busy hospital emergency room.[3] The screenplay went nowhere and Crichton turned to other topics. In 1990, he published the novel Jurassic Park, and in 1993 began a collaboration with director Steven Spielberg on the motion picture adaptation of the book.[4] Crichton and Spielberg so turned to ER, but decided to film the story as a two-hour pilot for a television series rather than equally a feature moving picture.[5] Spielberg'south Amblin Entertainment provided John Wells as the show's executive producer.

The script used to shoot the pilot was near unchanged from what Crichton had written in 1974. The but noun changes fabricated past the producers in 1994 were that the Susan Lewis character became a woman and the Peter Benton character became African-American, and the running time was shortened by about 20 minutes in club for the airplane pilot to air in a two-hour block on network Tv.[ citation needed ] Considering of a lack of time and money necessary to build a prepare, the pilot episode of ER was filmed in the former Linda Vista Hospital in Los Angeles, an quondam facility that had ceased operating in 1990.[half dozen] A set modeled later Los Angeles County Full general Infirmary's emergency room was congenital shortly afterward at the Warner Bros. studios in Burbank, California, although the show makes extensive use of location shoots in Chicago, most notably the city's famous "Fifty" railroad train platforms.[vii]

Warren Littlefield, running NBC Amusement at the time, was impressed past the series: "We were intrigued, but we were admittedly a bit spooked in attempting to go back into that territory a few years after St. Elsewhere."[8] After Spielberg had joined as a producer, NBC ordered six episodes. "ER premiered opposite a Monday Night Football game on ABC and did surprisingly well. So we moved it to Th and it just took off", commented Littlefield.[eight] ER 's success surprised the networks and critics alike, as David Eastward. Kelley'south new medical drama Chicago Hope was expected to crush the new series.[9]

Spielberg left the show after one year as a producer, having made 1 critical decision with lasting effects: the Carol Hathaway grapheme, who died at the cease of the original pilot episode script, was retained. Crichton remained executive producer until his decease in November 2008, although he was still credited as one throughout that unabridged final season. Wells, the series' other initial executive producer, served as showrunner for the first iii seasons. He was one of the show's well-nigh prolific writers and became a regular managing director in subsequently years. Lydia Woodward was a role of the first season production team and became an executive producer for the third season. She took over as showrunner for the fourth season while Wells focused on the development of other serial, including Trinity, Third Lookout man, and The Due west Wing. She left her executive producer position at the end of the sixth season simply continued to write episodes throughout the series' run.

Joe Sachs, who was a writer and producer of the series, believed keeping a commitment to medical accuracy was extremely important: "We'd curve the rules but never break them. A medication that would have 10 minutes to work might have 30 seconds instead. We compressed time. A 12- to 24-hour shift gets pushed into 48 minutes. Merely we learned that being accurate was important for more reasons than just making real and responsible drama."[eight]

Woodward was replaced as showrunner by Jack Orman. Orman was recruited every bit a writer-producer for the series in its fourth flavor after a successful stint working on CBS'south JAG. He was quickly promoted and became an executive producer and showrunner for the series' seventh season. He held these roles for 3 seasons before leaving the series at the end of the ninth flavor. Orman was also a frequent author and directed 3 episodes of the show.

David Zabel served as the series' head writer and executive producer in its later seasons. He initially joined the crew for the eighth flavor and became an executive producer and showrunner for the twelfth season onward. Zabel was the series' near frequent writer, contributing to 41 episodes. He also fabricated his directing debut on the series. Christopher Chulack was the series' nearly frequent director and worked equally a producer on all 15 seasons. He became an executive producer in the fourth season but occasionally scaled dorsum his involvement in afterward years to focus on other projects.

Other executive producers include writers Carol Flintstone, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had background in healthcare: Joe Sachs was an emergency physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer were both pediatricians. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music.

Broadcasting [edit]

Following the broadcast of its two-hour pilot movie on September xix, 1994, ER premiered Th, September 22 at 10pm. It remained in the same Thursday fourth dimension slot for its unabridged run, capping the Must See Television receiver primetime block. ER is NBC's 3rd longest-running drama, afterward Police force & Order and Law & Lodge: Special Victims Unit of measurement,[10] and the second longest-running American primetime medical drama of all time, behind Grey'southward Anatomy.[11] Starting with season seven, ER was circulate in the 1080i HD format, actualization in letterbox format when presented in standard definition.[12] On April two, 2008, NBC announced that the series would return for its fifteenth flavor.[xiii] The fifteenth season was originally scheduled to run for nineteen episodes before retiring with a two-hour serial finale to be broadcast on March 12, 2009,[14] [15] but NBC announced in January 2009 that it would extend the show by an additional three episodes to a full 22-episode society as part of a bargain to launch a new series by John Wells titled Police, later retitled Southland.[16] ER 'southward terminal episode aired on April 2, 2009; the two-hour episode was preceded by a i-60 minutes retrospective special.[17] The series finale charged $425,000 per thirty-2d ad spot, more than than iii times the season'south rate of $135,000.[8] From season 4 to season 6 ER cost a record-breaking $13 meg per episode.[eighteen] TNT as well paid a tape price of $1 million an episode for four years of repeats of the serial during that time.[19] The toll of the beginning three seasons was $two 1000000 per episode and seasons 7 to 9 cost $viii million per episode.[18] [20]

In September 1998, TNT aired syndicated reruns of the series.

Cast and characters [edit]

Original cast of the show (1994–1995)

Last season cast (2008–2009)

Many notable guests such as Ray Liotta appeared in the series.

The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Marking Greene, George Clooney every bit Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield every bit Dr. Susan Lewis, Noah Wyle every bit medical student John Carter, and Eriq La Salle as Dr. Peter Benton.[eight] As the series continued, some key changes were made: Nurse Ballad Hathaway, played by Julianna Margulies, who attempts suicide in the original airplane pilot script, was made into a regular cast member. Ming-Na Wen debuted in the middle of the first season as medical student Jing-Mei "Deb" Chen, but did not render for the second season; she returns in flavour 6 episode x. Gloria Reuben and Laura Innes would join the series as Physician Assistant Jeanie Boulet and Dr. Kerry Weaver, respectively, by the second flavour.[21]

In the 3rd season, a serial of cast additions and departures began that would see the entire original bandage leave over time. Stringfield was the first to exit the series, reportedly upsetting producers who believed she wanted to negotiate for more than money, but the actress did not particularly care for "fame." [22] She would return to the series from 2001 until 2005.[8] Clooney departed the series in 1999 to pursue a motion picture career, and Margulies exited the post-obit year.[eight] Season eight saw the difference of La Salle and Edwards when Benton left County General and Greene died from a encephalon tumor.[eight] Wyle left the series after flavor 11 in order to spend more time with his family, but would return for two multiple-episode appearances in the show's concluding seasons.[23] Goran Visnjic as Dr. Luka Kovač, Maura Tierney equally Dr. Abby Lockhart, Alex Kingston as Dr. Elizabeth Corday, Paul McCrane as Dr. Robert Romano, and Mekhi Phifer as Dr. Greg Pratt all joined the cast as the seasons went on.[21] In the much later seasons, the testify would run into the additions of Scott Grimes as Dr. Archie Morris, Parminder Nagra as Dr. Neela Rasgotra, Shane Due west as Dr. Ray Barnett, Linda Cardellini every bit nurse Samantha Taggart, John Stamos as intern Tony Gates, David Lyons as Dr. Simon Brenner and Angela Bassett equally Dr. Catherine Banfield.[21]

In addition to the main bandage, ER featured a large number of frequently seen recurring cast members who played key roles such as paramedics, hospital support staff, nurses, and doctors. ER also featured a sizable roster of well-known invitee stars, some making rare television appearances, who typically played patients in single episode appearances or multi-episode arcs. Mickey Rooney and son Jimmy Rooney made guest appearances.

Episodes [edit]

A typical episode centered on the ER, with nigh scenes gear up in the hospital or surrounding streets. In addition, near seasons included at to the lowest degree one storyline located completely exterior of the ER, often outside of Chicago. Over the span of the series, stories took place in the Democratic republic of the congo, France, Republic of iraq and Sudan. One early storyline involved a road trip taken by Dr. Ross and Dr. Greene to California and a season viii episode included a storyline in Hawaii featuring Dr. Greene and Dr. Corday. First in season ix, storylines started to include the Congo-kinshasa, featuring Dr. Kovac, Dr. Carter, and Dr. Pratt.[39] "Nosotros turned some attention on the Congo and on Darfur when nobody else was. We had a bigger audience than a nightly newscast will ever see, making 25 to 30 million people aware of what was going on in Africa," ER producer, John Wells said. "The prove is not about telling people to swallow their vegetables, merely if we can exercise that in an entertaining context, so there'due south nothing better."[nine] The series also focused on sociopolitical problems such as HIV and AIDS, organ transplants, mental illness, racism, human trafficking, euthanasia, poverty and gay rights.[ix]

Some episodes used creative formats, such as the 1997 "Ambush", which was broadcast live twice, once for the e coast and once again three hours later for the west declension;[8] and 2002's "Hindsight", which ran in contrary time every bit information technology followed one graphic symbol, Dr. Kovac, through the tragic events of a Christmas Eve shift and the Christmas party that preceded it.

Crossover with 3rd Watch [edit]

The episode "Brothers and Sisters" (first broadcast on April 25, 2002) begins a crossover that concludes on the 3rd Spotter episode "Unleashed" in which Susan enlists the help of Officers Maurice Boscorelli and Faith Yokas to find her sister and niece.

Ratings [edit]

U.s.a. seasonal rankings based on average full viewers per episode of ER on NBC are tabulated below. Each U.S. network tv set season starts in late September and ends in late May, which coincides with the completion of May sweeps. All times mentioned in this section were in the Eastern and Pacific time zones. Ratings for seasons 1–ii are listed in households (the percentage of households watching the program), while ratings for seasons 3–15 are listed in viewers.

Season Episodes Timeslot (ET) Season premiere Season finale TV season Viewer
rank (#) 		Households/
Viewers
(in millions)
ane 25 Thursday x:00pm September 19, 1994 May xviii, 1995 1994–1995 #2[xl] 19.08[forty]
two 22 September 21, 1995 May 16, 1996 1995–1996 #one[41] 21.ten[41]
3 22 September 26, 1996 May 15, 1997 1996–1997 #i[42] 30.79[42]
4 22 September 25, 1997 May 14, 1998 1997–1998 #2[43] xxx.2[43]
five 22 September 24, 1998 May xx, 1999 1998–1999 #one[44] 25.4[44]
six 22 September 30, 1999 May 18, 2000 1999–2000 #4[45] 24.95[45]
7 22 October 12, 2000 May 17, 2001 2000–2001 #2[46] 22.four[46]
eight 22 September 27, 2001 May 16, 2002 2001–2002 #3[47] 22.1[47]
9 22 September 26, 2002 May 15, 2003 2002–2003 #half dozen[48] 19.99[48]
10 22 September 25, 2003 May xiii, 2004 2003–2004 #8[49] 19.04[49]
11 22 September 23, 2004 May 19, 2005 2004–2005 #16[50] 15.17[50]
12 22 September 22, 2005 May 18, 2006 2005–2006 #xxx[51] 12.06[51]
13 23 September 21, 2006 May 17, 2007 2006–2007 #40[52] 11.56[52]
fourteen nineteen September 27, 2007 May 15, 2008 2007–2008 #54[53] ix.twenty[53]
15 22 September 25, 2008 April 2, 2009 2008–2009 #37[54] 10.30[54]

In its first yr, ER attracted an average of 19 million viewers per episode, becoming the year's second most watched television show, only backside Seinfeld. In the following two seasons (1995–1997), ER was the most watched prove in Due north America. For almost five years, ER battled for the top spot against Seinfeld, but in 1998, Seinfeld concluded and then ER became number one again. The series finale attracted xvi.4 one thousand thousand viewers.[55] The show's highest rating came during flavor 2 episode "Hell and Loftier H2o," with 48 million viewers and a 45% market share. It was the highest for a regularly scheduled drama since a May 1985 installment of Dallas received a 46. The share represents the percentage of TVs in utilize tuned in to that show.[56]

Disquisitional reception [edit]

Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. It scored fourscore on Metacritic, meaning "by and large favorable reviews", based on 21 critics. Marvin Kitman from Newsday said: "It's similar M*A*Due south*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. Due east.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough well-nigh the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on".[57] Richard Zoglin from Time stated that it's "probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession Telly has e'er presented".

Critical reactions for ER 's commencement season were very favorable. Alan Rich, writing for Variety, praised the direction and editing of the airplane pilot[58] while Eric Mink, writing for the New York Daily News, said that the pilot of ER "was urban, emergency room chaos and immature, committed doctors." However some reviewers felt the episodes following the pilot did non live upwards to information technology with Mink commenting that "the dandy promise of the "E.R." pilot dissolves into the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before."[59]

NBC launched the evidence at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope; many critics drew comparisons between the ii. Eric Mink concluded that ER may charge per unit more highly in the Nielsens simply Chicago Hope told better stories,[59] while Rich felt both shows were "riveting, superior TV fare."[58] The Daily Telegraph wrote in 1996: "Non beingness able to follow what on globe is going on remains one of the peculiar charms of the breakneck American hospital drama, ER".[sixty]

In 2002, TV Guide ranked ER No. 22 on their list of "TV's Summit 50 Shows", making it the second highest ranked medical drama on the list (after St. Elsewhere at No. xx).[61] Also, the flavor one episode "Love's Labor Lost" was ranked No. half dozen on Boob tube Guide 's 100 Greatest Episodes of All-time listing having earlier been ranked No. 3.[62] The show placed No. 19 on Amusement Weekly 'due south "New Tv set Classics" listing.[63] British magazine Empire ranked it No. 29 in their list of the "50 Greatest Idiot box Shows of All Time" and said the best episode was "Hell And High H2o" (Season two, Episode vii) where "Doug Ross (George Clooney) saves a young boy from drowning during a inundation."[64] In 2012, ER was voted All-time TV Drama on ABC'due south xx/20 special episode "Best in Idiot box: The Greatest Boob tube Shows of Our Time".[65] In 2013, TV Guide ranked it No. ix in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Fourth dimension[66] and No. 29 in its listing of the 60 Best Serial.[67] In the same year, the Writers Guild of America ranked ER No. 27 in its listing of the 101 Best Written Boob tube Series Of All Time.[68]

Awards and nominations [edit]

The series has been nominated for 375 industry awards and has won 116. ER won the George Foster Peabody Award in 1995, and won 22 of the 124 Emmy Awards for which it was nominated.[69] Information technology also won the People's Choice Accolade for "Favorite Television Dramatic Serial" every year from 1995 to 2002. Over the years, it has won numerous other awards, including Screen Actors Guild Awards, Image Awards, GLAAD Media Awards, and Gilt World Awards, amid others.[70]

Distribution [edit]

Home media [edit]

Warner Home Video has released all 15 seasons in R1, R2, and R4.

In the UK (Region two), The Complete Series boxset was released on October 26, 2009.[71] On September 12, 2016 the series was re-released in three box sets, Seasons 1–five,[72] Seasons 6–10[73] and Seasons 11–15.[74]

DVD title No. of
episodes 		Release dates
Region 1 Region 2 (UK) Region four (AUS)
ER: The Consummate First Season (1994–1995) 25 August 26, 2003 February 23, 2004 Apr 28, 2004
ER: The Complete Second Season (1995–1996) 22 April 27, 2004 July 26, 2004 July 15, 2004
ER: The Complete Third Flavour (1996–1997) 22 April 26, 2005 January 31, 2005 December 16, 2004
ER: The Complete Fourth Flavour (1997–1998) 22 December twenty, 2005 May xvi, 2005 April 27, 2005
ER: The Complete Fifth Season (1998–1999) 22 July 11, 2006 October 24, 2005 November xv, 2005
ER: The Consummate Sixth Flavor (1999–2000) 22 December nineteen, 2006 April 3, 2006 May 5, 2006
ER: The Complete Seventh Season (2000–2001) 22 May 15, 2007 September 18, 2006 October 3, 2006
ER: The Complete Eighth Flavor (2001–2002) 22 January 22, 2008 July 16, 2007 September 6, 2007
ER: The Complete 9th Season (2002–2003) 22 June 17, 2008 October 29, 2007 Oct 31, 2007
ER: The Complete Tenth Flavour (2003–2004) 22 March 3, 2009 January 28, 2008 May 7, 2008
ER: The Complete Eleventh Season (2004–2005) 22 July 14, 2009 April 21, 2008 May 7, 2008
ER: The Consummate Twelfth Season (2005–2006) 22 January 12, 2010 September 15, 2008 Oct 1, 2008
ER: The Complete Thirteenth Season (2006–2007) 23 July 6, 2010 Nov 3, 2008 Apr 29, 2009
ER: The Complete Fourteenth Season (2007–2008) nineteen Jan eleven, 2011 May 18, 2009 April 28, 2010
ER: The Last Season (2008–2009) 22 July 12, 2011 September 21, 2009 October 12, 2010

The DVD box sets of ER are unusual in the fact that they are all in anamorphic widescreen fifty-fifty though the showtime vi seasons of the show were circulate in a standard 4:3 format. ER was shot protecting for widescreen presentation, allowing the show to be presented in 16:9 open up matte (leaving only the title sequence in the iv:iii format). However, as the product of the show was by and large conceived with 4:3 presentation in mind, some episodes feature vignetting or unintended objects towards the sides of the frame that would non be visible when presented in the 4:3 format. These episodes too appear in the widescreen format when rerun on TNT Hd, Pop and streaming services.

In 2018 Hulu struck a bargain with Warner Bros Domestic Television Distribution to stream all 15 seasons of the show.[75]

Soundtrack [edit]

In 1996, Atlantic Records released an album of music from the first 2 seasons, featuring James Newton Howard'due south theme from the series in its on-air and full versions, selections from the weekly scores composed by Martin Davich (Howard scored the two-hr airplane pilot, Davich scored all the subsequent episodes and wrote a new theme used from 2006–2009 until the terminal episode, when Howard'southward original theme returned) and songs used on the series.[76]

  1. Theme From ER – James Newton Howard (3:02)
  2. Dr. Lewis And Renee (from "The Birthday Political party") (1:57)
  3. Canine Blues (from "Brand of Ii Hearts") (2:27)
  4. Goodbye Baby Susie (from "Fever of Unknown Origin") (3:11)
  5. Doug & Carol (from "The Souvenir") – composed by James Newton Howard and Martin Davich (1:59)
  6. Healing Hands – Marc Cohn (4:25)
  7. The Hero (from "Hell And High Water") equanimous by James Newton Howard and Martin Davich (1:55)
  8. Carter, See You Next Autumn (from "Everything Old Is New Again") (one:28)
  9. Reasons For Living – Duncan Sheik (4:33)
  10. Dr. Green and a Mother's Decease (from "Love'south Labor Lost") (2:48)
  11. Raul Dies (from "The Healers") (two:20)
  12. Hell And Loftier H2o (from "Hell And High H2o") – composed by James Newton Howard and Martin Davich (ii:38)
  13. Concur On (from "Hell And High Water") (2:47)
  14. Shep Arrives (from "The Healers") (three:37)
  15. Shattered Glass (from "Hell And High Water") (ii:11)
  16. Theme From ER – James Newton Howard (1:00)
  17. It Came Upon A Midnight Articulate – Mike Finnegan (2:xxx)

Other media [edit]

  • An ER video game developed by Legacy Interactive for Windows 2000 and XP was released in 2005.[77]
  • In the Mad episode "Pokémon Park / WWER", the evidence was parodied in the style of WWE.
  • A recurring sketch called "Toy ER" in the Nickelodeon comedy series All That parodies the show, featuring Dr. Malady (Chelsea Brummet), Dr. Botch (Giovonnie Samuels), and Dr. Sax (Shane Lyons) "treating" damaged toys.
  • A book about emergency medicine based on the Television series, The Medicine of ER: An Insider's Guide to the Medical Science Behind America's #one TV Drama was published in 1996. Authors Alan Duncan Ross and Harlan Gibbs M.D. have hospital administration and ER experience, respectively, and are chosen fans of the TV testify in the book's credits.

Foreign adaptations [edit]

In March 2012, Warner Bros. International Goggle box appear that they would sell the format rights to ER to overseas territories. This allowed foreign countries to produce their ain version of the serial.[78]

In June 2013, Warner Bros. International Television and Emotion Product from Belgrade, Serbia, announced a Serbian version of ER. [79] Urgentni Centar premiered on October 6, 2014, on Telly Prva.[80] As of 2014 a Colombian version was planned.[81]

See as well [edit]

  • Casualty – Similar concept but based on a British fictional infirmary'due south accident & emergency section.

References [edit]

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External links [edit]

  • ER's official Warner Bros. website
  • ER'southward official NBC website
  • ER at AllMovie
  • ER at IMDb

staleyengly1960.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ER_(TV_series)

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